---
title: How long Petru may have waged battle silently with the cold one cann… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: How long Petru may have waged battle silently with the cold one cannot tell, for everybody knows that the kingdom of Mittwoch is not to be crossed in a day, but he struggled on, though the frozen rocks burst around, and though his teeth chattered, and even his eyelids were frozen. Who acts: Petru, e
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2, sentence 107

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How long Petru may have waged battle silently with the cold one cannot tell, for everybody knows that the kingdom of Mittwoch is not to be crossed in a day, but he struggled on, though the frozen rocks burst around, and though his teeth chattered, and even his eyelids were frozen.

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**Who acts:** Petru, everybody, frozen rocks, teeth · **What happens:** wage, not tell, know, not be, struggle, freeze · **To what, where:** battle, kingdom, eyelids · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Petru, everybody, frozen rocks, teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:20:107
# text = How long Petru may have waged battle silently with the cold one cannot tell, for everybody knows that the kingdom of Mittwoch is not to be crossed in a day, but he struggled on, though the frozen rocks burst around, and though his teeth chattered, and even his eyelids were frozen.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
3	Petru	Petru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
6	waged	wage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
7	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	silently	silently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	19	nsubj	_	_
19	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Mittwoch	Mittwoch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
28	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	crossed	cross	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	ccomp	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	struggled	struggle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
37	on	on	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	amod	_	_
42	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nsubj	_	_
43	burst	burst	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
44	around	around	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
47	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	50	mark	_	_
48	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
49	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	nsubj	_	_
50	chattered	chatter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
53	even	even	ADV	RB	_	55	advmod	_	_
54	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
55	eyelids	eyelid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	nsubj:pass	_	_
56	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	57	aux:pass	_	_
57	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	50	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wage** | may · perfect | Petru | battle |  |  |  | with the cold one; long, silently *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **know** | present | everybody |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present · passive |  | the kingdom of Mittwoch |  |  | day | cross *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **struggle** | past | Petru |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **burst around** | present | the frozen rocks |  |  |  |  | around *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **chatter** | past | Petru's teeth |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **freeze** | past · passive |  | Petru's eyelids |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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