---
title: Then he drew his knife, and held it up towards the sun, and directly… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he drew his knife, and held it up towards the sun, and directly there shone such a glory that the whole meadow was bathed in it. Who acts: man. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Knife, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Enchanted Knife, sentence 25

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he drew his knife, and held it up towards the sun, and directly there shone such a glory that the whole meadow was bathed in it.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** draw, hold up, shine, bath · **To what, where:** knife, glory, whole meadow

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Enchanted Knife. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:23:25
# text = Then he drew his knife, and held it up towards the sun, and directly there shone such a glory that the whole meadow was bathed in it.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
11	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
18	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
19	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	21	det:predet	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	obj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	meadow	meadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	bathed	bath	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl:relcl	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | man | man's knife |  |  | then |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Theme |
| 2 | **hold up** | past | man *not said here* | knife |  |  |  | towards the sun | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme |
| 3 | **shine** | participle | man *not said here* | such glory |  | there |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glory=Theme |
| 4 | **bath** | past · passive |  | the whole meadow |  | knife |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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