---
title: There was once a king who ruled over a kingdom somewhere between sun… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: There was once a king who ruled over a kingdom somewhere between sunrise and sunset. Who acts: king. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jesper Who Herded the Hares, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, Jesper Who Herded the Hares, sentence 1

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There was once a king who ruled over a kingdom somewhere between sunrise and sunset.

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**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** be, rule · **To what, where:** kingdom

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jesper Who Herded the Hares. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:24:1
# text = There was once a king who ruled over a kingdom somewhere between sunrise and sunset.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	_
12	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	sunrise	sunrise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a king |  |  | there |  | once *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **rule** | past | a king |  |  | a kingdom | sunrise | somewhere *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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