---
title: By an hour before sunset you must have these sorted out into four he… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: By an hour before sunset you must have these sorted out into four heaps, and if a single grain is found to be in a wrong heap you have no further chance of marrying my daughter. Who acts: you, these, further chance. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jesper Who Herded the Hares, w
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, Jesper Who Herded the Hares, sentence 81

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By an hour before sunset you must have these sorted out into four heaps, and if a single grain is found to be in a wrong heap you have no further chance of marrying my daughter.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, these, further chance · **What happens:** have, sort out, find, be, marry · **To what, where:** these, four heaps, single grain, wrong heap, further chance, daughter

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jesper Who Herded the Hares. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, these, further chance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:24:81
# text = By an hour before sunset you must have these sorted out into four heaps, and if a single grain is found to be in a wrong heap you have no further chance of marrying my daughter.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	obj	_	_
10	sorted	sort	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
17	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	cop	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	advcl	_	_
29	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
31	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	33	det	_	_
32	further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
34	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
35	marrying	marry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	acl	_	_
36	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | must | you | these |  |  | hour |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sort out** | participle | these *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into four heaps *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent into heap=Goal |
| 3 | **find** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | a single grain |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a wrong heap |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** | present | you | no further chance |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chance=Patient |
| 6 | **marry** | gerund | no further chance *not said here* | my daughter |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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