---
title: First he learned to clean her cocoa-nut shoes with oil and to rub th… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: First he learned to clean her cocoa-nut shoes with oil and to rub them up. Who acts: scent. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 1, sentence 79

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First he learned to clean her cocoa-nut shoes with oil and to rub them up.

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**Who acts:** scent · **What happens:** learn, clean, rub up · **To what, where:** nut shoes, shoes

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scent), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:26:79
# text = First he learned to clean her cocoa-nut shoes with oil and to rub them up.
1	First	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	clean	clean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
7	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	nut	nut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	rub	rub	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | scent |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **clean** | to-infinitive | scent *not said here* | woman's nut shoes |  |  |  | with oil | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent shoe=Patient with oil=Instrument |
| 3 | **rub up** | to-infinitive | scent *not said here* | shoes *= shoe* |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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