---
title: The stems and leaves were a bluish green, and above them was a littl… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The stems and leaves were a bluish green, and above them was a little flower of a deep bright red, edged with yellow. Who acts: stems. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 1, sentence 91

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The stems and leaves were a bluish green, and above them was a little flower of a deep bright red, edged with yellow.

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**Who acts:** stems · **What happens:** be, edge · **To what, where:** little flower

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stems), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:26:91
# text = The stems and leaves were a bluish green, and above them was a little flower of a deep bright red, edged with yellow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stems	stem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bluish	bluish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	above	above	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	nmod	_	_
20	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	edged	edge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the stems and leaves |  |  |  |  | green *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | stems *= stem* |  |  | a little flower |  | of a deep | tree rules |
| 3 | **edge** | participle | stems *= stem* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with yellow | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with yellow=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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