---
title: The cobbler was so busy at work that he did not see him for some tim… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The cobbler was so busy at work that he did not see him for some time, but, happening to look up, he caught sight of his visitor, and letting shoes, thread, and everything fall to the ground, he cried with horror: ‘Good heavens! what is that?’ Who acts: cobbler, everything, that. A sentence of «The 
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 2, sentence 4

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The cobbler was so busy at work that he did not see him for some time, but, happening to look up, he caught sight of his visitor, and letting shoes, thread, and everything fall to the ground, he cried with horror: ‘Good heavens! what is that?’

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**Who acts:** cobbler, everything, that · **What happens:** be, not see, happen, look up, catch, let · **To what, where:** work, him, sight, shoes, visitor

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cobbler, everything, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:27:4
# text = The cobbler was so busy at work that he did not see him for some time, but, happening to look up, he caught sight of his visitor, and letting shoes, thread, and everything fall to the ground, he cried with horror: ‘Good heavens! what is that?’
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cobbler	cobbler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
23	up	up	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
27	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	visitor	visitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
34	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	thread	thread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	40	nsubj	_	_
40	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
47	with	with	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	horror	horror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	52	punct	_	_
50	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
54	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	parataxis	_	_
55	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	54	cop	_	_
56	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	54	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the cobbler |  |  | work |  | busy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **see** | past · do-support | cobbler | him *= he* |  |  | time |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 3 | **happen** | gerund | cobbler *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **look up** | to-infinitive | cobbler *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **catch** | past | cobbler | sight of cobbler's visitor |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sight=Theme |
| 6 | **let** | gerund | cobbler *not said here* | shoes and thread |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme |
| 7 | **fall** | present | everything |  |  |  |  | to the ground | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ground=Theme |
| 8 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | cobbler |  |  |  |  | with horror | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with horror=Theme |
| 9 | **is a** | present | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **sight** |  |  | cobbler's visitor |  |  |  |  | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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