---
title: He was no taller than he had been seven years ago, when he was not m… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He was no taller than he had been seven years ago, when he was not much more than twelve years old, but he made up in breadth, and his back and chest had grown into lumps like two great sacks. Who acts: head. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 2, sentence 57

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was no taller than he had been seven years ago, when he was not much more than twelve years old, but he made up in breadth, and his back and chest had grown into lumps like two great sacks.

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**Who acts:** head · **What happens:** not be, be, make up, grow · **To what, where:** breadth, back, lumps

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:27:57
# text = He was no taller than he had been seven years ago, when he was not much more than twelve years old, but he made up in breadth, and his back and chest had grown into lumps like two great sacks.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	no	no	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
9	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	much	much	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
19	than	than	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl:unmarked	_	_
22	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
27	up	up	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	breadth	breadth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	_
36	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	conj	_	_
38	into	into	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	lumps	lump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
40	like	like	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
42	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	sacks	sack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | head |  |  |  |  | tall *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past · perfect | head |  |  |  | year | ago *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | head |  |  |  |  | more *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **make up** | past | head |  |  | breadth |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **grow** | past · perfect · passive |  | head's back and chest |  | lumps like two great sacks |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into lump=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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