---
title: Indeed, the steward found it hard to keep himself from laughing at t… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Indeed, the steward found it hard to keep himself from laughing at the comic sight, but he ordered the servants off and led the dwarf into his own room. Who acts: steward, fun. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 2, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 2, sentence 81

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Indeed, the steward found it hard to keep himself from laughing at the comic sight, but he ordered the servants off and led the dwarf into his own room.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** steward, fun · **What happens:** find, keep, laugh, order off, lead · **To what, where:** fun, steward, comic sight, servants, dwarf, own room

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (steward, fun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:27:81
# text = Indeed, the steward found it hard to keep himself from laughing at the comic sight, but he ordered the servants off and led the dwarf into his own room.
1	Indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	steward	steward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	_
11	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	advcl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	comic	comic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	off	off	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	dwarf	dwarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	into	into	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
30	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the steward | fun |  |  |  | hard, indeed *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | fun *not said here* | steward |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 3 | **laugh** | gerund | fun *not said here* |  |  | the comic sight |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **order off** | past | steward | the servants |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent servant=Theme |
| 5 | **lead** | past | the steward *not said here* | the dwarf |  | steward's own room |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent dwarf=Theme into room=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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