---
title: As he did so, all his limbs began to crack and stretch; he felt his… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: As he did so, all his limbs began to crack and stretch; he felt his head rising above his shoulders; he glanced down at his nose, and saw it grow smaller and smaller; his chest and back grew flat, and his legs grew long. Who acts: Jem, limbs, head, face. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andr
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3, sentence 108

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As he did so, all his limbs began to crack and stretch; he felt his head rising above his shoulders; he glanced down at his nose, and saw it grow smaller and smaller; his chest and back grew flat, and his legs grew long.

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**Who acts:** Jem, limbs, head, face, chest, legs · **What happens:** do, begin, crack, stretch, feel, rise · **To what, where:** head, shoulders

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jem, limbs, head, face), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:28:108
# text = As he did so, all his limbs began to crack and stretch; he felt his head rising above his shoulders; he glanced down at his nose, and saw it grow smaller and smaller; his chest and back grew flat, and his legs grew long.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	limbs	limb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	crack	crack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	_
20	above	above	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	glanced	glance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
26	down	down	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	at	at	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
33	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	xcomp	_	_
35	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	34	xcomp	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
43	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
44	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
47	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	48	nmod:poss	_	_
48	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	nsubj	_	_
49	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	conj	_	_
50	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | Jem |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Jem's limbs |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **crack** | to-infinitive | Jem's limbs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stretch** | infinitive | Jem's limbs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **feel** | past | Jem | Jem's head |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **rise** | gerund | Jem's head *not said here* |  |  | Jem's shoulders |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above shoulder=Location |
| 7 | **glance down** | past | Jem |  |  |  |  | at Jem's nose | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at nose=Theme |
| 8 | **see** | past | Jem *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 9 | **grow** | infinitive | face |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **grow** | past | Jem's chest and back |  |  |  |  | flat *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 11 | **grow** | past | Jem's legs |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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