---
title: The prince hinted that the duke had allowed his cook to escape, and… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The prince hinted that the duke had allowed his cook to escape, and had therefore broken his word. Who acts: prince, duke. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3, sentence 121

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The prince hinted that the duke had allowed his cook to escape, and had therefore broken his word.

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**Who acts:** prince, duke · **What happens:** hint, allow, escape, break, word · **To what, where:** duke, cook, word

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:28:121
# text = The prince hinted that the duke had allowed his cook to escape, and had therefore broken his word.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hinted	hint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	duke	duke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	cook	cook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	iobj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hint** *speech: other* | past | the prince |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **allow** | past · perfect · passive |  | the duke | duke's cook |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **escape** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the duke *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **break** | past · perfect |  | duke's word |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer word=Patient |
| 5 | **word** |  | duke |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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