---
title: They confided their histories to each other, and Jem learnt that the… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: They confided their histories to each other, and Jem learnt that the goose was the daughter of the wizard Weatherbold, who lived on the island of Gothland. Who acts: dishes, Jem, goose, daughter. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3, with its d
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3, sentence 23

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They confided their histories to each other, and Jem learnt that the goose was the daughter of the wizard Weatherbold, who lived on the island of Gothland.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dishes, Jem, goose, daughter · **What happens:** confide, learn, be, live · **To what, where:** histories, each, daughter, island · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dishes, Jem, goose, daughter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:28:23
# text = They confided their histories to each other, and Jem learnt that the goose was the daughter of the wizard Weatherbold, who lived on the island of Gothland.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	confided	confide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	histories	history	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	2	obl	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	Jem	Jem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	learnt	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	goose	goose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	ccomp	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	wizard	wizard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	Weatherbold	Weatherbold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Gothland	Gothland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confide** *speech: other* | past | dishes *= dish* | dishes's histories | each |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent history=Topic to each=Recipient |
| 2 | **learn** | past | Jem |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the goose | the daughter |  |  |  | of the wizard Weatherbold | tree rules |
| 4 | **live** | past | the daughter |  |  | the island of Gothland |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on island=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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