--- title: The tree cast a wide shadow, and it was almost dark beneath it, but… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: The tree cast a wide shadow, and it was almost dark beneath it, but suddenly the goose stood still, flapped her wings with joy, and plucked something, which she held out to her astonished friend, saying: ‘There it is, and there is more growing here, so you will have no lack of it.’ Who acts: tree, s --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/28/96/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Violet Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/) / [The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/28/) / 96 # The Violet Fairy Book, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3, sentence 96 The tree cast a wide shadow, and it was almost dark beneath it, but suddenly the goose stood still, flapped her wings with joy, and plucked something, which she held out to her astonished friend, saying: ‘There it is, and there is more growing here, so you will have no lack of it.’ **Who acts:** tree, shadow, goose, more, you · **What happens:** cast, be, stand, flap, pluck, hold out · **To what, where:** wide shadow, wings, something, lack, front · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tree, shadow, goose, more), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg641:28:96 # text = The tree cast a wide shadow, and it was almost dark beneath it, but suddenly the goose stood still, flapped her wings with joy, and plucked something, which she held out to her astonished friend, saying: ‘There it is, and there is more growing here, so you will have no lack of it.’ 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 cast cast VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 wide wide ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 shadow shadow NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 10 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 11 almost almost ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 13 beneath beneath ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 but but CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 suddenly suddenly ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 goose goose NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 21 still still ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 flapped flap VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 24 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 joy joy NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 plucked pluck VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 31 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 30 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 34 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 held hold VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 acl:relcl _ _ 36 out out ADP RP _ 35 compound:prt _ _ 37 to to ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 39 astonished astonished ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 42 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 30 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 : : PUNCT : _ 47 punct _ _ 44 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 47 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 45 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 47 expl _ _ 46 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 47 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 48 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 50 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 51 expl _ _ 51 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 parataxis _ _ 52 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 51 nsubj _ _ 53 growing grow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 52 acl _ _ 54 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 53 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 55 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 56 so so ADV RB _ 59 advmod _ _ 57 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 59 nsubj _ _ 58 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 59 aux _ _ 59 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 60 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 61 det _ _ 61 lack lack NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 obj _ _ 62 of of ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 63 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 61 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 64 . . PUNCT . _ 59 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 65 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 59 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cast** | past | the tree | a wide shadow | | | | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Product | | 2 | **is** | past | shadow | | | | | beneath front; almost, dark *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **stand** | past | the goose | | | | still | suddenly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **flap** | past | the goose *not said here* | life's wings | | | | with joy | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient | | 5 | **pluck** | past | the tree *not said here* | something | | | | | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient | | 6 | **hold out** | past | | | | | | to life's astonished friend | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the tree *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **be** | present | shadow | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **be** | present | more | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 10 | **grow** | gerund | | | | here | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 11 | **have** | future | you | no lack of front | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lack=Patient | | 12 | **lack** | | | front | | | | | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 95](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/28/95/) - next →: [sentence 97](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/28/97/) - ↑ back to [The History of Dwarf Long Nose, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/28/)