---
title: By-and-by some apes, who had been peeping at him from the tops of th… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: By-and-by some apes, who had been peeping at him from the tops of the trees, where they had been carefully hidden from the turtle’s eyes, stole noiselessly down, and stood round staring at him, for they had never seen a turtle before, and did not know what to make of it. Who acts: apes, trees. A sen
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Monkey and the Jelly-fish, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By-and-by some apes, who had been peeping at him from the tops of the trees, where they had been carefully hidden from the turtle’s eyes, stole noiselessly down, and stood round staring at him, for they had never seen a turtle before, and did not know what to make of it.

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**Who acts:** apes, trees · **What happens:** peep, hide, steal, stand, stare, not see · **To what, where:** tops, trees, eyes, turtle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Monkey and the Jelly-fish. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apes, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:32:11
# text = By-and-by some apes, who had been peeping at him from the tops of the trees, where they had been carefully hidden from the turtle’s eyes, stole noiselessly down, and stood round staring at him, for they had never seen a turtle before, and did not know what to make of it.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux	_	_
12	peeping	peep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	parataxis	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	27	advmod	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
25	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	aux:pass	_	_
26	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
28	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	’s	's	PART	POS	_	30	case	_	_
32	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	stole	steal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
35	noiselessly	noiselessly	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	down	down	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	conj	_	_
40	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	xcomp	_	_
41	staring	stare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	40	advcl	_	_
42	at	at	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
45	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
46	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
47	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	aux	_	_
48	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	49	advmod	_	_
49	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	39	conj	_	_
50	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obj	_	_
52	before	before	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
55	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
56	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	57	advmod	_	_
57	know	know	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	39	parataxis	_	_
58	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	60	obj	_	_
59	to	to	PART	TO	_	60	mark	_	_
60	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	57	ccomp	_	_
61	of	of	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
62	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peep** | past · perfect · progressive | some apes |  |  | the tops of the trees |  | at ape | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at he=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | past · perfect · passive |  | trees *= tree* |  | the turtle's eyes |  | carefully *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Patient from eye=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **steal** | past |  |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stand** | past |  |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **stare** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | at ape | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at he=Theme |
| 6 | **not** **see** | past · perfect | trees *= tree* | a turtle |  |  |  | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer turtle=Stimulus |
| 7 | **not** **know** | past · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 8 | **make** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of thing | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset what=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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