---
title: But wretched though he was, he had to appear before the queen’s advi… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But wretched though he was, he had to appear before the queen’s advisers and tell them all that had befallen him, and how he had suffered the monkey to escape. Who acts: turtle, that. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Monkey and the Jelly-fish, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Monkey and the Jelly-fish, sentence 41

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But wretched though he was, he had to appear before the queen’s advisers and tell them all that had befallen him, and how he had suffered the monkey to escape.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** turtle, that · **What happens:** be, have, appear, tell, befall, suffer · **To what, where:** advisers, turtle, monkey · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Monkey and the Jelly-fish. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (turtle, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:32:41
# text = But wretched though he was, he had to appear before the queen’s advisers and tell them all that had befallen him, and how he had suffered the monkey to escape.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	wretched	wretched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’s	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	advisers	adviser	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	iobj	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	22	det:predet	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	befallen	befall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	ccomp	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	29	advmod	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | turtle |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | turtle |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **appear** | to-infinitive | turtle *not said here* |  |  | the queen's advisers |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before adviser=Location |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | turtle *not said here* |  | advisers *= adviser* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **befall** | past · perfect | that | turtle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **suffer** | past · perfect | turtle | the monkey |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer monkey=Stimulus |
| 7 | **escape** | to-infinitive | turtle *not said here* | the monkey *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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