---
title: ‘Are you not ashamed to urge me to break my word?’ said he. — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Are you not ashamed to urge me to break my word?’ said he. Who acts: you, Hans, my. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Headless Dwarfs, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Headless Dwarfs, sentence 79

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‘Are you not ashamed to urge me to break my word?’ said he.

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**Who acts:** you, Hans, my · **What happens:** not be, urge, break, say, word · **To what, where:** me, word · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Headless Dwarfs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Hans, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:33:79
# text = ‘Are you not ashamed to urge me to break my word?’ said he.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	ashamed	ashamed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	ccomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	urge	urge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | ashamed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **urge** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  | me |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **break** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | my word |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer word=Patient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hans |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **word** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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