---
title: The moon was shining brightly above his head, and close by stood two… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The moon was shining brightly above his head, and close by stood two headless dwarfs, talking angrily. Who acts: moon. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Headless Dwarfs, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Headless Dwarfs, sentence 95

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The moon was shining brightly above his head, and close by stood two headless dwarfs, talking angrily.

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**Who acts:** moon · **What happens:** shine, stand, talk · **To what, where:** head, two headless dwarfs

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Headless Dwarfs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (moon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:33:95
# text = The moon was shining brightly above his head, and close by stood two headless dwarfs, talking angrily.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
12	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
15	headless	headless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	dwarfs	dwarf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
19	angrily	angrily	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | past · progressive | the moon |  |  | moon's head |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above head=Location |
| 2 | **stand** | past | the moon *not said here* | two headless dwarfs |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dwarf=Stimulus |
| 3 | **talk** | gerund | the moon *not said here* |  |  |  |  | angrily *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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