---
title: Then in despair he left their villages, and went out into the countr… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Then in despair he left their villages, and went out into the country, and, seating himself on the bank of a pond began to cry bitterly. Who acts: he, seating. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Frog, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Frog, sentence 9

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Then in despair he left their villages, and went out into the country, and, seating himself on the bank of a pond began to cry bitterly.

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**Who acts:** he, seating · **What happens:** leave, go out, seat, begin, cry · **To what, where:** villages, despair, country, himself, bank

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Frog. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (he, seating), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:36:9
# text = Then in despair he left their villages, and went out into the country, and, seating himself on the bank of a pond began to cry bitterly.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	despair	despair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	out	out	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	seating	seat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	csubj	_	_
19	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obj	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | he | sons's villages |  | despair | then |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent village=Theme in despair=Location |
| 2 | **go out** | past | he *not said here* |  |  | the country |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **seat** | gerund |  | himself *= he* |  | the bank of a pond |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location himself=Value |
| 4 | **begin** | past | seating |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | seating *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bitterly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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