---
title: He managed, unseen, to overtake his daughter, and throw a bridge of… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He managed, unseen, to overtake his daughter, and throw a bridge of copper over a stream which she would have to cross. Who acts: emperor, stream. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 1, sentence 46

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He managed, unseen, to overtake his daughter, and throw a bridge of copper over a stream which she would have to cross.

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**Who acts:** emperor, stream · **What happens:** manage, overtake, throw, have, cross · **To what, where:** daughter, bridge, stream

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (emperor, stream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:38:46
# text = He managed, unseen, to overtake his daughter, and throw a bridge of copper over a stream which she would have to cross.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	managed	manage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	unseen	unseen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	overtake	overtake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl:relcl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **manage** | past | emperor |  |  |  |  | unseen *property* | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **overtake** | to-infinitive |  | emperor's daughter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **throw** | infinitive |  | a bridge of copper |  | a stream |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent bridge=Theme over stream=Destination |
| 4 | **have** | would | a stream |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **cross** | to-infinitive | a stream *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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