---
title: The princess mounted Sunlight, and touched him with her spur, when t… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The princess mounted Sunlight, and touched him with her spur, when the old horse, who was galloping at her side, suddenly said: Who acts: princess, old horse. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 2, sentence 26

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The princess mounted Sunlight, and touched him with her spur, when the old horse, who was galloping at her side, suddenly said:

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** princess, old horse · **What happens:** mount, touch, gallop, say, spur · **To what, where:** Sunlight, visitor, side · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (princess, old horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:39:26
# text = The princess mounted Sunlight, and touched him with her spur, when the old horse, who was galloping at her side, suddenly said:
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mounted	mount	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Sunlight	Sunlight	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	galloping	gallop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	acl	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mount** | past | the princess | Sunlight |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient |
| 2 | **touch** | past |  | visitor |  |  |  | with princess's spur and the old horse | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Experiencer with spur=Instrument |
| 3 | **gallop** | past · progressive | the old horse |  |  | princess's side |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at side=Trajectory |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle | the old horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **spur** |  | princess |  |  |  |  |  | nom spur «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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