--- title: They passed by hills, they passed by mountains, they passed through… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: They passed by hills, they passed by mountains, they passed through valleys, leaving behind them thick forests, and fields covered with flowers; and at length they reached the court of the over-lord. Who acts: tears, fields. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/39/44/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Violet Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/) / [The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, pa…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/39/) / 44 # The Violet Fairy Book, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 2, sentence 44 They passed by hills, they passed by mountains, they passed through valleys, leaving behind them thick forests, and fields covered with flowers; and at length they reached the court of the over-lord. **Who acts:** tears, fields · **What happens:** pass, leave, cover, reach · **To what, where:** valleys, thick forests, fields, court, length This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tears, fields), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg641:39:44 # text = They passed by hills, they passed by mountains, they passed through valleys, leaving behind them thick forests, and fields covered with flowers; and at length they reached the court of the over-lord. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 hills hill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 8 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 13 through through ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 valleys valley NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 leaving leave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 advcl _ _ 17 behind behind ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ _ 19 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 forests forest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 fields field NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 flowers flower NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 29 at at ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 length length NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 court court NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 over-lord over-lord NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pass** | past | tears *= tear* | | | | | by hills | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by hill=Location | | 2 | **pass** | past | tears *= tear* | | | | | by mountains | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by mountain=Location | | 3 | **pass** | past | tears *= tear* | | | valleys | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through valley=Location | | 4 | **leave** | gerund | tears *= tear* *not said here* | thick forests | | | | behind tears *= tear* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent forest=Theme behind they=Location | | 5 | **cover** | participle · passive | | fields | | | | with flowers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with flower=Theme | | 6 | **reach** | past | fields *= field* | the court of the over-lord | | length | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent court=Theme at length=Asset | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/39/43/) - next →: [sentence 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/39/45/) - ↑ back to [The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/39/)