---
title: Without saying a word, the princess swung her into Sunlight’s saddle… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Without saying a word, the princess swung her into Sunlight’s saddle, and leaping up behind her, they were off like a flash. Who acts: words, princess. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 2, sentence 98

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without saying a word, the princess swung her into Sunlight’s saddle, and leaping up behind her, they were off like a flash.

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**Who acts:** words, princess · **What happens:** say, swing, leap up, be · **To what, where:** word, Iliane, saddle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, princess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:39:98
# text = Without saying a word, the princess swung her into Sunlight’s saddle, and leaping up behind her, they were off like a flash.
1	Without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	Sunlight	Sunlight	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	’s	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
23	off	off	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | words *= word* *not said here* | a word |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **swing** | past | the princess | Iliane |  | Sunlight's saddle |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent she=Theme into saddle=Trajectory |
| 3 | **leap up** | gerund | words *= word* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | behind Iliane | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind she=Trajectory |
| 4 | **is** | past | words *= word* |  |  |  |  | like a flash | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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