---
title: There once lived a merchant whose name was Mark, and whom people cal… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: There once lived a merchant whose name was Mark, and whom people called ‘Mark the Rich.’ Who acts: name, Mark. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, sentence 1

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There once lived a merchant whose name was Mark, and whom people called ‘Mark the Rich.’

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**Who acts:** name, Mark · **What happens:** live, be, call, name · **To what, where:** merchant, Mark, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (name, Mark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:4:1
# text = There once lived a merchant whose name was Mark, and whom people called ‘Mark the Rich.’
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	Mark	Mark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	parataxis	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
14	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Mark	Mark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	xcomp	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Rich	Rich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a merchant |  | there |  | once *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme merchant=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Mark's name | Mark |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **name** |  | Mark |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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