---
title: He had his horses harnessed and drove off himself to see the Serpent… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He had his horses harnessed and drove off himself to see the Serpent King and to complain of the way in which he had been betrayed. Who acts: Mark, horses. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, sentence 156

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He had his horses harnessed and drove off himself to see the Serpent King and to complain of the way in which he had been betrayed.

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**Who acts:** Mark, horses · **What happens:** have, harness, drive off, see, complain, betray · **To what, where:** Mark, Serpent King, way

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mark, horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:4:156
# text = He had his horses harnessed and drove off himself to see the Serpent King and to complain of the way in which he had been betrayed.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	harnessed	harness	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Serpent	Serpent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	obl	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Mark |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **harness** | past | Mark's horses |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **drive off** | past | Mark *not said here* | Mark |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **see** | to-infinitive | Mark *not said here* | the Serpent King |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer king=Stimulus |
| 5 | **complain** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | Mark *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the way | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **betray** | past · perfect · passive |  | Mark |  | the way |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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