---
title: He is the seventh son, and the eldest is only seven years old, and t… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He is the seventh son, and the eldest is only seven years old, and they hardly have a mouthful amongst them all. Who acts: boy, eldest, dogs. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, sentence 17

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He is the seventh son, and the eldest is only seven years old, and they hardly have a mouthful amongst them all.

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**Who acts:** boy, eldest, dogs · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** seventh son, mouthful

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, eldest, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:4:17
# text = He is the seventh son, and the eldest is only seven years old, and they hardly have a mouthful amongst them all.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	seventh	seventh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mouthful	mouthful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	amongst	amongst	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	_
24	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | boy | the seventh son |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the eldest |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | dogs *= dog* | a mouthful |  |  |  | amongst servants *= servant*; hardly *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouthful=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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