---
title: He said good-bye to his young wife, who cried bitterly at parting, h… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He said good-bye to his young wife, who cried bitterly at parting, hung a bag of biscuits over his shoulders, and set out. Who acts: Mark. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, sentence 84

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He said good-bye to his young wife, who cried bitterly at parting, hung a bag of biscuits over his shoulders, and set out.

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**Who acts:** Mark · **What happens:** say, cry, hang, set out · **To what, where:** good bye, young wife, parting, bag, shoulders · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Checked tree.** This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (`gutenberg:pg641:298`): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:4:84
# text = He said good-bye to his young wife, who cried bitterly at parting, hung a bag of biscuits over his shoulders, and set out.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	_
5	bye	bye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	parting	parting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	biscuits	biscuit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
22	over	over	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
28	out	out	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Mark | good bye | Mark's young wife |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent bye=Topic to wife=Recipient |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past |  |  |  | parting |  | bitterly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at parting=Location |
| 3 | **hang** | past | Mark *not said here* | a bag of biscuits |  | Mark's shoulders |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bag=Theme over shoulder=Destination |
| 4 | **set out** | past | Mark *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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