---
title: As he tramped along he suddenly heard a voice saying: ‘Vassili! wher… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: As he tramped along he suddenly heard a voice saying: ‘Vassili! where are you going?’ Who acts: Mark, voice, Vassili. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, sentence 86

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As he tramped along he suddenly heard a voice saying: ‘Vassili! where are you going?’

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**Who acts:** Mark, voice, Vassili · **What happens:** tramp, hear, say, go · **To what, where:** voice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mark, voice, Vassili), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:4:86
# text = As he tramped along he suddenly heard a voice saying: ‘Vassili! where are you going?’
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tramped	tramp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Vassili	Vassili	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
15	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tramp** | past | Mark |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | past | Mark | a voice |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go** | present · progressive | Vassili |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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