--- title: The horse understood what he was to do, and from one nostril he brea… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: The horse understood what he was to do, and from one nostril he breathed fresh air over Iliane, and from the other, he snorted a burning wind which shrivelled up the emperor where he stood, leaving only a little heap of ashes. Who acts: horse, emperor, burning wind. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy B --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/40/85/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Violet Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/) / [The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, pa…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/40/) / 85 # The Violet Fairy Book, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 3, sentence 85 The horse understood what he was to do, and from one nostril he breathed fresh air over Iliane, and from the other, he snorted a burning wind which shrivelled up the emperor where he stood, leaving only a little heap of ashes. **Who acts:** horse, emperor, burning wind · **What happens:** understand, be, breathe, snort, burn, shrivell up · **To what, where:** fresh air, one nostril, burning wind, other, emperor, little heap This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, emperor, burning wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg641:40:85 # text = The horse understood what he was to do, and from one nostril he breathed fresh air over Iliane, and from the other, he snorted a burning wind which shrivelled up the emperor where he stood, leaving only a little heap of ashes. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 understood understand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 3 obj _ _ 5 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 6 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 11 from from ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 13 nummod _ _ 13 nostril nostril NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 14 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 breathed breathe VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 16 fresh fresh ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 over over ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 Iliane Iliane PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 22 from from ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 snorted snort VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 burning burn VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 30 amod _ _ 30 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 31 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 32 nsubj _ _ 32 shrivelled shrivell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 acl:relcl _ _ 33 up up ADP RP _ 32 compound:prt _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 emperor emperor NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 36 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 38 advmod _ _ 37 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 40 leaving leave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 38 advcl _ _ 41 only only ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 43 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 heap heap NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 ashes ash NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 47 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **understand** | past | the horse | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | | 2 | **is** | past | emperor | | | | | do *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **breathe** | past | emperor | fresh air | | one nostril | | over Iliane | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | | 4 | **snort** | past | emperor | a burning wind | | the other | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Patient | | 5 | **burn** | gerund | | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **shrivell up** | past | a burning wind | the emperor | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **stand** | past | emperor | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **leave** | gerund | emperor *not said here* | a little heap of ashes | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heap=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 84](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/40/84/) - next →: [sentence 86](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/40/86/) - ↑ back to [The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/40/)