---
title: So, leaving them to plunge and leap like frogs and fishes, Virgilius… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: So, leaving them to plunge and leap like frogs and fishes, Virgilius took the princess in his arms, and carried her over the airy bridge back to Rome. Who acts: Virgilius. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Virgilius the Sorcerer, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, Virgilius the Sorcerer, sentence 114

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So, leaving them to plunge and leap like frogs and fishes, Virgilius took the princess in his arms, and carried her over the airy bridge back to Rome.

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**Who acts:** Virgilius · **What happens:** leave, plunge, leap, take, carry · **To what, where:** lords, princess, arms, Rome, airy bridge

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Virgilius the Sorcerer. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Virgilius), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:43:114
# text = So, leaving them to plunge and leap like frogs and fishes, Virgilius took the princess in his arms, and carried her over the airy bridge back to Rome.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	plunge	plunge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	fishes	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
14	Virgilius	Virgilius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
24	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	over	over	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	airy	airy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	back	back	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | gerund | Virgilius *not said here* | lords *= lord* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 2 | **plunge** | to-infinitive | Virgilius *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **leap** | infinitive | Virgilius *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like frogs and fishes | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | past | Virgilius | the princess |  | Virgilius's arms |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent princess=Value in arm=Location |
| 5 | **carry** | past | Virgilius *not said here* | princess | Rome | the airy bridge |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme to rome=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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