---
title: Then he pointed out where the border of his land lay, and bade the b… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he pointed out where the border of his land lay, and bade the boy begin his work at once. Who acts: man, border, bade. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Mogarzea and His Son, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, Mogarzea and His Son, sentence 13

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Then he pointed out where the border of his land lay, and bade the boy begin his work at once.

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**Who acts:** man, border, bade · **What happens:** point out, lie, begin, work · **To what, where:** work

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Mogarzea and His Son. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, border, bade), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:44:13
# text = Then he pointed out where the border of his land lay, and bade the boy begin his work at once.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pointed	point	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	bade	bade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	begin	begin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point out** | past | man |  |  |  | then |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lie** | past | the border of border's land |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **begin** | infinitive | bade | border's work |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |
| 4 | **work** |  | border |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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