---
title: So he called his army together and gave orders to start for a distan… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: So he called his army together and gave orders to start for a distant country where a heathen king ruled who ill-treated or tormented everyone he could lay his hands on. Who acts: last, heathen king. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lute Player, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Lute Player, sentence 4

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So he called his army together and gave orders to start for a distant country where a heathen king ruled who ill-treated or tormented everyone he could lay his hands on.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** last, heathen king · **What happens:** call, give, start, rule, treat, torment · **To what, where:** army, orders, everyone, hands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lute Player. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last, heathen king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:8:4
# text = So he called his army together and gave orders to start for a distant country where a heathen king ruled who ill-treated or tormented everyone he could lay his hands on.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	orders	order	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	20	advmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	heathen	heathen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	ccomp	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	tormented	torment	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	conj	_	_
27	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	26	obj	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	parataxis	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
33	on	on	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | last | last's army |  |  |  | together *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent army=Recipient |
| 2 | **give** | past | last *not said here* | orders |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Theme |
| 3 | **start** | to-infinitive | last *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for a distant country | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **rule** | past | a heathen king |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **treat** | participle · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 6 | **torment** | participle |  | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer |
| 7 | **lay** | could | last | last's hands |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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