---
title: All night long the prisoners were chained up, and in the morning the… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: All night long the prisoners were chained up, and in the morning they were yoked together like oxen and had to plough the land till it grew dark. Who acts: prisoner. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lute Player, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Lute Player, sentence 9

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All night long the prisoners were chained up, and in the morning they were yoked together like oxen and had to plough the land till it grew dark.

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**Who acts:** prisoner · **What happens:** chain up, yoke, have, plough, grow · **To what, where:** prisoners, king, land

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Lute Player. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prisoner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:8:9
# text = All night long the prisoners were chained up, and in the morning they were yoked together like oxen and had to plough the land till it grew dark.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	chained	chain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	yoked	yoke	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
17	together	together	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	plough	plough	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
29	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chain up** | past · passive |  | the prisoners |  |  | night |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **yoke** | past · passive |  | king |  |  | morning | like oxen; together *property* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
| 3 | **have** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **plough** | to-infinitive |  | the land |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent land=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **grow** | past | prisoner |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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