---
title: ‘My old aunt died last night, without leaving money enough to buy pe… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘My old aunt died last night, without leaving money enough to buy peas to give the watchers, as is the custom throughout the country. Who acts: old aunt. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Grateful Prince, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Grateful Prince, part 1, sentence 42

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‘My old aunt died last night, without leaving money enough to buy peas to give the watchers, as is the custom throughout the country.

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**Who acts:** old aunt · **What happens:** die, leave, buy, give, be · **To what, where:** money, peas, watchers

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This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Grateful Prince, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old aunt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:9:42
# text = ‘My old aunt died last night, without leaving money enough to buy peas to give the watchers, as is the custom throughout the country.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
11	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
15	peas	pea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	watchers	watcher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
25	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | My old aunt |  |  |  | night |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **leave** | gerund | My old aunt *not said here* | money |  |  |  | enough *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 3 | **buy** | to-infinitive | My old aunt *not said here* | peas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **give** | to-infinitive | My old aunt *not said here* | the watchers |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent watcher=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | throughout the country | as the custom | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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