---
title: I have borrowed these peas from my master, and thought to take a sho… — The Violet Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: I have borrowed these peas from my master, and thought to take a short cut across the forest; but I have lost myself, as you see.’ Who acts: I, you. A sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Grateful Prince, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Violet Fairy Book, The Grateful Prince, part 1, sentence 43

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have borrowed these peas from my master, and thought to take a short cut across the forest; but I have lost myself, as you see.’

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, you · **What happens:** borrow, think, take, lose, see · **To what, where:** peas, master, short cut, forest, myself

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Grateful Prince, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg641:9:43
# text = I have borrowed these peas from my master, and thought to take a short cut across the forest; but I have lost myself, as you see.’
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	peas	pea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	across	across	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
25	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | present · perfect | I | this peas |  | my master |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent pea=Theme from master=Source |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | a short cut |  | the forest |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cut=Theme |
| 4 | **lose** | present · perfect | I | myself |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Eventuality |
| 5 | **see** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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