---
title: From your words I am led to believe that we see in you a companion i… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: From your words I am led to believe that we see in you a companion in misfortune. Who acts: I, we, your. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 10, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 10, sentence 41

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From your words I am led to believe that we see in you a companion in misfortune.

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**Who acts:** I, we, your · **What happens:** lead, believe, see, word · **To what, where:** I, words, companion, misfortune

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, we, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:10:41
# text = From your words I am led to believe that we see in you a companion in misfortune.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	companion	companion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present · passive |  | I |  | your words |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 2 | **believe** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **see** | present | we | a companion |  | misfortune |  | in you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer companion=Stimulus |
| 4 | **word** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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