---
title: Ask all these merchants you see here, and hear what they say. — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Ask all these merchants you see here, and hear what they say. Who acts: you, princes. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 11, sentence 47

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Ask all these merchants you see here, and hear what they say.

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**Who acts:** you, princes · **What happens:** ask, see, hear, say · **To what, where:** merchants · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, princes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:11:47
# text = Ask all these merchants you see here, and hear what they say.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hear	hear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* | all merchants |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent merchant=Recipient |
| 2 | **see** | present | you | all merchants *not said here* |  | here |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer merchant=Stimulus |
| 3 | **hear** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | princes *= prince* |  |  |  |  | what *obj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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