---
title: After having gone four leagues, to the end of the plain, where it is… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: After having gone four leagues, to the end of the plain, where it is bounded by rocks, I perceived an arrow. Who acts: I, rocks. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 13, sentence 11

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After having gone four leagues, to the end of the plain, where it is bounded by rocks, I perceived an arrow.

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**Who acts:** I, rocks · **What happens:** go, bound, perceive · **To what, where:** four leagues, league, arrow

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, rocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:13:11
# text = After having gone four leagues, to the end of the plain, where it is bounded by rocks, I perceived an arrow.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	aux	_	_
3	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	leagues	league	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	bounded	bound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund · perfect | I *not said here* | four leagues |  |  | to the end of the plain |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location league=Theme |
| 2 | **bound** | present · passive | rocks | league |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location subject=Theme |
| 3 | **perceive** | past | I | a arrow |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer arrow=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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