---
title: The old sorceress, who had not power or courage to say a word, prost… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: The old sorceress, who had not power or courage to say a word, prostrated herself a second time, with her head on the carpet that covered the foot of the throne, and then was conducted by the two fairies through the same apartments which were shown to Prince Ahmed at his first arrival. Who acts: old
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 13, sentence 78

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The old sorceress, who had not power or courage to say a word, prostrated herself a second time, with her head on the carpet that covered the foot of the throne, and then was conducted by the two fairies through the same apartments which were shown to Prince Ahmed at his first arrival.

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**Who acts:** old sorceress, carpet, two fairies, Ahmed · **What happens:** have, say, prostrate, cover, conduct, show · **To what, where:** power, word, sorceress, foot, same apartments, Prince Ahmed · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old sorceress, carpet, two fairies, Ahmed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:13:78
# text = The old sorceress, who had not power or courage to say a word, prostrated herself a second time, with her head on the carpet that covered the foot of the throne, and then was conducted by the two fairies through the same apartments which were shown to Prince Ahmed at his first arrival.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sorceress	sorceress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	prostrated	prostrate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	obj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	amod	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	carpet	carpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	39	advmod	_	_
38	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux:pass	_	_
39	conducted	conduct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	parataxis	_	_
40	by	by	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	fairies	fairy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	_
44	through	through	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	apartments	apartment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	_
48	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	50	nsubj	_	_
49	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	50	aux:pass	_	_
50	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	47	acl:relcl	_	_
51	to	to	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	53	compound	_	_
53	Ahmed	Ahmed	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	_
54	at	at	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
55	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	57	nmod:poss	_	_
56	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	57	amod	_	_
57	arrival	arrival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old sorceress | power or courage |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the old sorceress *not said here* | a word |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 3 | **prostrate** | past | the old sorceress | sorceress |  |  | time | with sorceress's head on the carpet | tree rules |
| 4 | **cover** | past | the carpet | the foot of the throne |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme foot=Destination |
| 5 | **conduct** | past · passive | the two fairies |  |  | the same apartments | then |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent through apartment=Destination |
| 6 | **show** | past · passive |  | the same apartments | Prince Ahmed | Ahmed's first arrival |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to ahmed=Recipient |
| 7 | **arrive** |  | Ahmed |  |  |  |  |  | nom arrival «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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