---
title: But even as he pondered he heard his dog barking sharply, and crammi… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: But even as he pondered he heard his dog barking sharply, and cramming the betel-nut into his mouth he leaped up and ran toward the dog. Who acts: distance. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 15, sentence 35

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But even as he pondered he heard his dog barking sharply, and cramming the betel-nut into his mouth he leaped up and ran toward the dog.

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**Who acts:** distance · **What happens:** ponder, hear, bark, cram, leap up, run · **To what, where:** dog, betel nut, mouth

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (distance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:15:36
# text = But even as he pondered he heard his dog barking sharply, and cramming the betel-nut into his mouth he leaped up and ran toward the dog.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	even	even	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	pondered	ponder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	barking	bark	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
14	cramming	cram	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	csubj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	betel	betel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	nut	nut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	leaped	leap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
24	up	up	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
27	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ponder** | past | distance |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | past | distance | distance's dog |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer dog=Stimulus |
| 3 | **bark** | gerund | distance *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sharply *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cram** | gerund |  | the betel nut |  | distance's mouth |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nut=Theme into mouth=Destination |
| 5 | **leap up** | past | distance |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **run** | past | distance *not said here* |  |  |  |  | toward the dog | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme toward dog=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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