--- title: The boy, startled by this strange speech, was about to answer when h… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics description: The boy, startled by this strange speech, was about to answer when he heard a voice near him say: “Fight, for they will try to kill you,” and upon looking up he saw his spear, shield, and sword which he had left at home. Who acts: boy, warriors. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the O --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/15/63/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jade Story Book; Stories from the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/) / [Opening, part 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/15/) / 63 # The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 15, sentence 63 The boy, startled by this strange speech, was about to answer when he heard a voice near him say: “Fight, for they will try to kill you,” and upon looking up he saw his spear, shield, and sword which he had left at home. **Who acts:** boy, warriors · **What happens:** startle, be, answer, hear, say, try · **To what, where:** boy, voice, Fight, you, spear, sword · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, warriors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg65965:15:64 # text = The boy, startled by this strange speech, was about to answer when he heard a voice near him say: “Fight, for they will try to kill you,” and upon looking up he saw his spear, shield, and sword which he had left at home. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 4 startled startle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 det _ _ 7 strange strange ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 speech speech NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 10 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 11 about about ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 advcl _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 answer answer VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _ 14 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 16 advmod _ _ 15 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 advcl _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 near near ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ _ 21 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 22 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 23 “ " PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 24 Fight fight NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 for for SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 try try VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 parataxis _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 kill kill VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 xcomp _ _ 32 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 34 ” " PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 36 upon upon SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 37 looking look VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 40 advcl _ _ 38 up up ADP RP _ 37 compound:prt _ _ 39 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 41 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ _ 42 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 44 shield shield NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 45 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 conj _ _ 48 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 51 nsubj:pass _ _ 49 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 nsubj _ _ 50 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 51 aux _ _ 51 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 47 acl:relcl _ _ 52 at at ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 54 . . PUNCT . _ 21 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **startle** | participle | | the boy *not said here* | | | | by this strange speech | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **is** | past | the boy | | | | | about *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the boy *not said here* | | | | | | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hear** | past | boy | a voice | | | | near man | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | | Fight | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **try** *in a quote* | future | warriors *= warrior* | | | | | | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 7 | **kill** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | warriors *= warrior* *not said here* | you | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme | | 8 | **look up** | gerund | boy *not said here* | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 9 | **see** | past | boy | boy's spear and shield | | | | sword *conj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spear=Stimulus | | 10 | **leave** | past · perfect · passive | | sword | | home | | boy *nsubj* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme at home=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 62](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/15/62/) - next →: [sentence 64](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/15/64/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/15/)