--- title: Just then he heard close to him a funny sort of chuckle, and turning… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics description: Just then he heard close to him a funny sort of chuckle, and turning round, he saw a large fish staring at him with round eyes, and with a peculiar twist of its mouth which Sin could see was caused by laughter. Who acts: he, large fish, Sin, laughter. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jade Story Book; Stories from the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/) / [Opening, part 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/) / 1 # The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 16, sentence 1 Just then he heard close to him a funny sort of chuckle, and turning round, he saw a large fish staring at him with round eyes, and with a peculiar twist of its mouth which Sin could see was caused by laughter. **Who acts:** he, large fish, Sin, laughter · **What happens:** hear, turn round, see, stare, cause, sort · **To what, where:** funny sort, large fish, peculiar twist, chuckle, mouth This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (he, large fish, Sin, laughter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg65965:16:1 # text = Just then he heard close to him a funny sort of chuckle, and turning round, he saw a large fish staring at him with round eyes, and with a peculiar twist of its mouth which Sin could see was caused by laughter. 1 Just just ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 2 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 4 advmod _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 close close ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 xcomp _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 funny funny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 sort sort NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 chuckle chuckle NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 turning turn VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 16 round round ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 23 staring stare VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 acl _ _ 24 at at ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 round round ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 31 with with ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 peculiar peculiar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 twist twist NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 38 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 41 obj _ _ 39 Sin Sin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 40 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 41 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 acl:relcl _ _ 42 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux:pass _ _ 43 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 conj _ _ 44 by by ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 laughter laughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | past | he | a funny sort of chuckle | | | then | close *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sort=Stimulus | | 2 | **turn round** | gerund | he *not said here* | | | | | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **see** | past | he | a large fish | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fish=Stimulus | | 4 | **stare** | gerund | a large fish *not said here* | | | | | at fish; with round eyes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at he=Theme | | 5 | **see** | could | Sin | a peculiar twist of twist's mouth | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus | | 6 | **cause** | past · passive | laughter | a peculiar twist of twist's mouth | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | | 7 | **sort** | | | chuckle | | | | | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient | | 8 | **twist** | | | twist's mouth | | | | | nom twist «event transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [Opening, part 15, 117](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/15/117/) - next →: [sentence 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/2/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/)