--- title: One night he saw in a dream a venerable old man coming towards him,… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics description: One night he saw in a dream a venerable old man coming towards him, who with a smiling countenance said: “Know, Zeyn, that there is no sorrow but what is followed by mirth; no misfortune but what in the end brings some happiness. Who acts: SULTAN, venerable old man, sorrow, mirth. A sentence of «The --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/102/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jade Story Book; Stories from the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/) / [Opening, part 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/) / 102 # The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 16, sentence 102 One night he saw in a dream a venerable old man coming towards him, who with a smiling countenance said: “Know, Zeyn, that there is no sorrow but what is followed by mirth; no misfortune but what in the end brings some happiness. **Who acts:** SULTAN, venerable old man, sorrow, mirth · **What happens:** see, come, smile, say, know, be · **To what, where:** venerable old man, dream, Zeyn, sorrow, happiness, end · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (SULTAN, venerable old man, sorrow, mirth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg65965:16:103 # text = One night he saw in a dream a venerable old man coming towards him, who with a smiling countenance said: “Know, Zeyn, that there is no sorrow but what is followed by mirth; no misfortune but what in the end brings some happiness. 1 One one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 2 nummod _ _ 2 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl:unmarked _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 dream dream NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 9 venerable venerable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 12 coming come VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 acl _ _ 13 towards towards ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 16 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 smiling smile VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 amod _ _ 20 countenance countenance NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 21 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 23 “ " PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 24 Know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 Zeyn Zeyn PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 that that SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 29 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 30 expl _ _ 30 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 31 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 32 det _ _ 32 sorrow sorrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 33 but but CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 34 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux:pass _ _ 36 followed follow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 acl:relcl _ _ 37 by by ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 mirth mirth NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 ; ; PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 40 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 41 det _ _ 41 misfortune misfortune NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 42 but but CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 4 parataxis _ _ 44 in in ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obl _ _ 47 brings bring VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 acl:relcl _ _ 48 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 49 det _ _ 49 happiness happiness NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | past | SULTAN | a venerable old man | | a dream | night | what no misfortune *parataxis* | tree rules | | 2 | **come** | gerund | a venerable old man *not said here* | | | | | towards SULTAN | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards he=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **smile** | gerund | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a venerable old man | | | | | with a smiling countenance | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **know** *in a quote* | infinitive | | Zeyn | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer zeyn=Stimulus | | 6 | **be** *in a quote* | present | no sorrow | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **follow** *in a quote* | present · passive | mirth | no sorrow | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 8 | **bring** *in a quote* | present | | some happiness | | | in the end | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent happiness=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 101](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/101/) - next →: [sentence 103](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/103/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/)