---
title: Chang took the fish straight to Mr. Le, and said: “Your Excellency,… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: Chang took the fish straight to Mr. Le, and said: “Your Excellency, here is the finest carp I have ever seen.” Who acts: Chang, Excellency. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 16, sentence 64

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Chang took the fish straight to Mr. Le, and said: “Your Excellency, here is the finest carp I have ever seen.”

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**Who acts:** Chang, Excellency · **What happens:** take, say, be, see · **To what, where:** fish, Le, finest carp · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chang, Excellency), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:16:64
# text = Chang took the fish straight to Mr. Le, and said: “Your Excellency, here is the finest carp I have ever seen.”
1	Chang	chang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:desc	_	_
8	Le	Le	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	Excellency	excellency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	finest	fine	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	21	amod	_	_
21	carp	carp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	ccomp	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	25	advmod	_	_
25	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Chang | the fish | Le  Mr. |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent fish=Theme to le=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Chang *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Your Excellency | the finest carp |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Chang | the finest carp *not said here* |  |  | ever |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer carp=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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