---
title: And then, when a man is hungry, he has to seek his food on land, whi… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: And then, when a man is hungry, he has to seek his food on land, while a fish can find nourishment while gliding through the water, and that without fatigue and almost without movement. Who acts: man, fish. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, O
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 16, sentence 8

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And then, when a man is hungry, he has to seek his food on land, while a fish can find nourishment while gliding through the water, and that without fatigue and almost without movement.

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**Who acts:** man, fish · **What happens:** be, have, seek, find, glide · **To what, where:** food, land, nourishment, water

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:16:8
# text = And then, when a man is hungry, he has to seek his food on land, while a fish can find nourishment while gliding through the water, and that without fatigue and almost without movement.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	seek	seek	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
24	nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	gliding	glide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
27	through	through	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	34	det	_	_
33	without	without	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	fatigue	fatigue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
37	without	without	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a man |  |  |  | then | that fatigue and movement *parataxis*; hungry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | man |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **seek** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* | man's food |  | land |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent food=Theme on land=Location |
| 4 | **find** | can | a fish | nourishment |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nourishment=Topic |
| 5 | **glide** | gerund | a fish *not said here* |  |  | the water |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through water=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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