---
title: The whole island was covered with a thick darkness, a furious storm… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: The whole island was covered with a thick darkness, a furious storm of wind blew, a dreadful cry was heard, the island felt a shock as if of an earthquake, and the Sultan of the Genii appeared in the shape of a very handsome man, yet there was something terrific in his air. Who acts: wind, island, S
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 17, sentence 118

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The whole island was covered with a thick darkness, a furious storm of wind blew, a dreadful cry was heard, the island felt a shock as if of an earthquake, and the Sultan of the Genii appeared in the shape of a very handsome man, yet there was something terrific in his air.

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**Who acts:** wind, island, Sultan, something · **What happens:** cover, blow, hear, feel, appear, be · **To what, where:** whole island, furious storm, dreadful cry, shock, shape

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wind, island, Sultan, something), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:17:118
# text = The whole island was covered with a thick darkness, a furious storm of wind blew, a dreadful cry was heard, the island felt a shock as if of an earthquake, and the Sultan of the Genii appeared in the shape of a very handsome man, yet there was something terrific in his air.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	furious	furious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	dreadful	dreadful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
30	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	Genii	Genii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
41	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
46	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
47	very	very	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
48	handsome	handsome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
51	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
52	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	53	expl	_	_
53	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	advcl	_	_
54	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	53	nsubj	_	_
55	terrific	terrific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
56	in	in	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
58	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the whole island |  |  |  | with a thick darkness | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with darkness=Theme |
| 2 | **blow** | past | wind | a furious storm *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent storm=Patient |
| 3 | **hear** | past · passive |  | a dreadful cry |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **feel** | past | the island | a shock |  |  |  | a earthquake *advcl* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shock=Theme |
| 5 | **appear** | past | the Sultan of the Genii |  |  | the shape of a handsome man |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shape=Location |
| 6 | **be** | past | something |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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