---
title: When they had dined, Mobarec, directing his discourse to the company… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: When they had dined, Mobarec, directing his discourse to the company, said: “Know, my friends, that this young stranger is the son of the Sultan of Bussorah, my late master. Who acts: merchants, young stranger, Mobarec. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfiel
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 17, sentence 64

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When they had dined, Mobarec, directing his discourse to the company, said: “Know, my friends, that this young stranger is the son of the Sultan of Bussorah, my late master.

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**Who acts:** merchants, young stranger, Mobarec · **What happens:** dine, direct, say, know, be, discourse · **To what, where:** Mobarec, discourse, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchants, young stranger, Mobarec), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:17:64
# text = When they had dined, Mobarec, directing his discourse to the company, said: “Know, my friends, that this young stranger is the son of the Sultan of Bussorah, my late master.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	dined	dine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Mobarec	Mobarec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	directing	direct	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	discourse	discourse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
24	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	26	det	_	_
25	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Bussorah	Bussorah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
37	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dine** | past · perfect | merchants *= merchant* | Mobarec |  |  |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **direct** | gerund | merchants *= merchant* *not said here* | Mobarec's discourse |  |  |  | to the company | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent discourse=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **know** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | my friends *conj*; my late master *conj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this young stranger | the son |  |  |  | of the Sultan of Bussorah | tree rules |
| 6 | **discourse** |  | Mobarec |  |  |  |  |  | nom discourse «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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