---
title: There was once a Rajah whose wife died, leaving to her husband a lit… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: There was once a Rajah whose wife died, leaving to her husband a little son, who was a great comfort to his grief-stricken father. Who acts: Rajah, little son. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 18, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 18, sentence 117

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There was once a Rajah whose wife died, leaving to her husband a little son, who was a great comfort to his grief-stricken father.

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**Who acts:** Rajah, little son · **What happens:** be, die, leave · **To what, where:** little son, husband, great comfort

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rajah, little son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:18:120
# text = There was once a Rajah whose wife died, leaving to her husband a little son, who was a great comfort to his grief-stricken father.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Rajah	Rajah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	comfort	comfort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
25	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	stricken	stricken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past |  |  |  | there |  | once *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **die** | past | a Rajah |  |  |  |  | wife *nsubj* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **leave** | gerund | a Rajah *not said here* | a little son | wife's husband |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent son=Theme to husband=Recipient |
| 4 | **is a** | past | a little son | a great comfort |  |  |  | to Rajah's stricken father | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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