---
title: When Varna was three years old the Rajah married a princess of great… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: When Varna was three years old the Rajah married a princess of great beauty, but who was hard-hearted and cruel. Who acts: Varna, old Rajah. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 18, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 18, sentence 120

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When Varna was three years old the Rajah married a princess of great beauty, but who was hard-hearted and cruel.

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**Who acts:** Varna, old Rajah · **What happens:** be, marry · **To what, where:** princess

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Varna, old Rajah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:18:123
# text = When Varna was three years old the Rajah married a princess of great beauty, but who was hard-hearted and cruel.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
2	Varna	Varna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Rajah	Rajah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	married	marry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	hearted	hearted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	parataxis	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Varna |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **marry** | past | the old Rajah | a princess of great beauty |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent princess=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj*; hearted *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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