---
title: When they arrived, the maid, who had performed the journey in a litt… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics
description: When they arrived, the maid, who had performed the journey in a litter, and whom the prince had never seen since his marriage, said to Mobarec: “Where are we? Who acts: rank, maid, we, prince. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 1
---

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# The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 18, sentence 32

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When they arrived, the maid, who had performed the journey in a litter, and whom the prince had never seen since his marriage, said to Mobarec: “Where are we?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rank, maid, we, prince · **What happens:** arrive, perform, not see, say, be, marry · **To what, where:** maid, journey, litter, prince, Mobarec · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rank, maid, we, prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg65965:18:32
# text = When they arrived, the maid, who had performed the journey in a litter, and whom the prince had never seen since his marriage, said to Mobarec: “Where are we?
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	maid	maid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	obl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	_
24	since	since	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
28	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Mobarec	Mobarec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
32	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	28	conj	_	_
34	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
35	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | past | rank | the maid |  |  |  | whom *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **perform** | past · perfect | the maid | the journey |  | a litter |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent journey=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **see** | past · perfect · passive |  | the prince |  |  | since prince's marriage |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **say** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | Mobarec |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to mobarec=Recipient |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | we |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **marry** |  | prince |  |  |  |  |  | nom marriage «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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