--- title: The dog had served his master for many years and had become so old t… — The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient · tree and pragmatics description: The dog had served his master for many years and had become so old that he had lost his teeth and was unable to fight any more, but he was a good guide and companion to the cat, who was strong and cunning. Who acts: dog, cat. A sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/18/92/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jade Story Book; Stories from the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/) / [Opening, part 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/18/) / 92 # The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 18, sentence 92 The dog had served his master for many years and had become so old that he had lost his teeth and was unable to fight any more, but he was a good guide and companion to the cat, who was strong and cunning. **Who acts:** dog, cat · **What happens:** serve, become, lose, be, fight · **To what, where:** dog, teeth, good guide This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg65965:18:94 # text = The dog had served his master for many years and had become so old that he had lost his teeth and was unable to fight any more, but he was a good guide and companion to the cat, who was strong and cunning. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 served serve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 master master NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 for for ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 12 become become VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 13 so so ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 xcomp _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 16 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 14 advcl _ _ 19 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 unable unable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 conj _ _ 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 fight fight VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 xcomp _ _ 26 any any ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 25 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 29 but but CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 30 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 31 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 guide guide NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 companion companion NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ _ 37 to to ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 41 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 43 nsubj _ _ 42 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 cop _ _ 43 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 acl:relcl _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 cunning cunning NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **serve** | past · perfect · passive | | the dog | | | year | dog's master *obj* | tree rules | | 2 | **become** | past · perfect | | | | | | old *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **lose** | past · perfect | dog | dog's teeth | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Eventuality | | 4 | **is** | past | dog *not said here* | | | | | unable *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **fight** | to-infinitive | dog *not said here* | | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is a** | past | dog | a good guide and companion | | | | to the cat; companion *conj* | tree rules | | 7 | **is** | past | the cat | | | | | cunning *conj*; strong *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 91](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/18/91/) - next →: [sentence 93](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/18/93/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/18/)